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A picture of the growing economic divide in India

Context

Data from the paper titled, ‘Relative Economic Performance of Indian States: 1960-61 to 2023-24‘, Show the widening gaps that question federalism.

Introduction

In September this year, the Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council (EAC-PM) released a paper showing the relative economic performance of all states.: From 1960-61 to 2023-24. It presents the share of each state in the country’s income and the per capita income compared to the all-India average.

  • For example, Maharashtra, the largest contributor to the country’s economy, has a per capita income of about 150% of the national average. It consists of Mumbai, which is affluent, and Vidarbha, which is known for farmer suicides due to poverty.
  • Mumbai’s rich contribute the most in direct taxes and the city’s municipality is the richest in the country. But it has huge slums with substandard living conditions.

Regional differences

  • The report shows the consistently better performance of the western and southern regions of India and the weaker performance of the eastern states.
  • Apart from Haryana and Delhi, the performance of the northern states of India is poor.
  • Statistics show that, the growing economic divide in the country,Which is not good for a federal and diverse country like India.

Effects of Federalism

Definitions: Federalism is a system of government that divides powers and responsibilities between the central government and regional governments.

  • Representatives of rich states recently held a conference in Kerala and argued that they are not getting their fair share of resources from the Centre. This shows the weakening of the spirit of federalism.
  • Also in the year 2000, a ‘Success Conclave’ was held to protest the transfer by the 11th Finance Commission of India.

Threat to federalism

  • Persistent disparity in economic performance of different states is a threat to federalism.
    • Policy needs to reverse this trend by maintaining the gap at current levels is no longer an option.
    • The need for a reverse trend of private investment, weak governance and poor infrastructure in states is behind.
  • Necessary measures from center and states: Both the Center and the States need to work to strengthen federalism.
    • States need to improve governance and reduce the level of corruption within their jurisdictions.
    • Public expenditure on social sectors needs to be substantially increased. Private investment in poor states cannot be boosted by fiat in a market-driven economy.

The way forward

  • Re-examine the role of governors.
  • Best Use of Interstate Council
  • Empowerment of local self-governments
  • Electoral reforms for political equality

The result

A comprehensive approach is needed to deal with the persistent conflict in Indian federalism, addressing issues such as fiscal policies, institutional mechanisms, and political empowerment, to ensure a more cooperative federalism and effective governance system. can help poor performing states to consolidate federal structures. .

Edpedia Editorial: Daily News Editorial PDF, 30 October 2024_4.1

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