Researchers have identified possible places on Mars where life could exist, focusing on areas deep underground where methane has been detected. Seasonal methane variations observed by rovers on the planet’s surface have fascinated scientists for years, raising questions about the Red Planet’s potential to host life. Mars presents extreme conditions, including subzero temperatures, a thin atmosphere, and high exposure to cosmic radiation. Despite these challenges, subsurface areas can offer a habitable environment for certain microorganisms.

Martian methane and similar terrestrial atmospheres

According to one study Published in the journal Astrobiology, the study studied analogues of Martian habitats on Earth, focusing on environments where methanogens — microbes that produce methane as a byproduct — thrive.

Possible conditions analogous to Mars include microscopic fractures in deep bedrock, subglacial water lakes, and highly saline deep ocean basins. Methanogens have been identified under similar conditions on Earth, suggesting that similar life forms could potentially survive beneath the Martian surface.

Acidalia Planitia: An important area of ​​interest

The study highlighted Acidalia Planitia, a vast plain in the northern hemisphere of Mars, as a prime candidate for exploration. The data show that liquid water, essential for life, can exist 4.3 to 8.8 km below the surface in this region. Conditions such as temperature, salinity, and hydrogen availability in Acidalia Planitia align with those supporting methanogens on Earth.

Future exploration challenges and opportunities

Drilling into the Martian subsurface presents significant technical challenges but holds the promise of uncovering potential microbial life. According to the researchers, identifying specific regions such as Esdelia Planetia narrows the scope for future missions, increasing the chances of discovering extraterrestrial life. This work underscores the importance of studying Earth’s extreme atmosphere to inform the search for life on Mars.

The research has led to an advanced understanding of where to look for life on Mars, providing important insights for future exploration missions.