
A sophisticated tension system was identified in the tails of early pterosaurs, which enabled these prehistoric creatures to navigate the skies during the age of the dinosaurs. The long tails of these flying reptiles ended with thin leaf-like tissue structures, which were integral to their flight. Without stiffness, these vanes would have compromised flight performance, prompting biologists to search for the structural mechanisms that keep them stable. The results obtained with the help of laser technology offer new insights into the evolutionary traits of these creatures.
Structural findings in tail vanes
According to study Published in eLife , the vanes of early pterosaurs were supported by criss-crossing fibers and tube-like structures. As Reported Through Live Science, researchers used laser-stimulated fluorescence to examine the fossil, revealing the complex internal structure of the veins. These act as a tension system, similar to the sails of a ship, allowing the vanes to stiffen under wind pressure. Natalia Jagielska, now curator at Lyme Regis Museum, remarked that it was remarkable to recreate such details from fossils millions of years old.
The dual purpose of the pterosaur tail
According to the researchers, the stress system not only supports flight but also likely plays a role in displays, such as mate attraction. The study highlighted that the functionality of these tails extended beyond aerodynamics, contributing to the behavioral repertoire of pterosaurs. David Martle, emeritus professor at the University of Portsmouth, praised the researchers’ innovative approach in uncovering the complexity of these structures.
Evolutionary adaptation over time
It has been reported that long-tailed pterosaurs appeared during the Triassic period, but by the Jurassic period they had shorter tails. Pterodactyloidea, a notable group within the species, exhibited a reduction in tail length, which likely enhanced flight maneuvers. As reported by Live Science, Martel noted that a long tail could hinder flight, adding visual appeal by drawing a parallel to the peacock.
The study identifies how evolutionary traits in early pterosaurs balanced functional and aesthetic needs, and shaped their place in prehistoric ecosystems.
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